Received 27.05.2021
DOI: 10.35556/idr-2021-4(97)24-32

Burnout syndrome in dentists. Literature review
Daurova F.Yu., Ivashkina O.A., Makeeva M.K.
State University “Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia”, RUDN Medical
Russia, 117198, Moscow, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 8

E-mail address: ivashkina92olga@mail.ru

Summary
The problem of the development of emotional burnout syndrome in dentists is one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. Currently, the authors do not have a single point of view on the essence of emotional burnout. Emotional burnout affects both the doctor and the patient. The solution to this problem requires further research.
Objective. Based on the literature data, to identify the main factors of the development of emotional burnout of dentists, to analyze the existing strategies for overcoming stress and to determine which of them are applicable in the work of a dentist.
Methods. The search for literature sources was carried out in three databases (e-library, PubMed, Web of Science) according to the keywords: “burnout syndrome in dentistry”, “burnout in dentistry”, “emotional stress in dentistry”, “strategies for overcoming stress in dentistry”, “coping strategies in dentistry”, “emotionally charged situations in dentistry”. 130 literary sources were analyzed. Criteria for inclusion: literature reviews, research, and articles on the personal point of view of specialists on the problem of emotional burnout, and on strategies for coping with stress in certified dentists. Exclusion criteria: articles on emotional burnout, stress, and depression in dental students.
Results. Based on the analyzed literature on the topic of the development of emotional burnout syndrome in dentists, there is no single point of view on the essence of emotional burnout. Some authors consider it as a type of stress, othersthe result of the influence of stressful factors, against which pathological processes develop, such as: headache, problems of the cardiovascular system, exacerbation of chronic diseases, pain in the spine. The psychological state of burnout can adversely affect a person’s health, family relationships, and service interactions.
Conclusion. This paper presents the main approaches to determining the essence of the burnout syndrome, a systematic analysis and generalization of materials on the problem in the professional activities of dentists. Emotional burnout affects both the doctor and the patient. The solution to this problem requires further research.

Keywords: burnout syndrome in dentistry, burnout in dentistry, emotional stress in dentistry, coping strategies in dentistry, emotionally charged situations in dentistry.

For citation: Daurova F.Yu., Ivashkina O.A., Makeeva M.K. Burnout syndrome in dentists. Literature review. Stomatology for All / Int. Dental Review. 2021, no.4(97): 24-32 (In Russian). doi: 10.35556/idr-2021-4(97)24-32

References
1. Jin M.U., Jeong S.H., Kim E.K., Choi Y.H., Song K.B. Burnout and its related factors in Korean dentists. Int Dent J. 2015, 65: 22—31. doi: 10.1111/idj.12142
2. Doolittle B.R., Windish D.M. Correlation of burnout syndrome with specific coping strategies, behaviors, and spiritual attitudes among interns at Yale University, New Haven, USA. J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015, 12: 41. doi:10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.41
3. Jin W.M., Zhang Y., Wang X.P. Job burnout and organizational justice among medical interns in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. Adv Med EducPract. 2015, 6: 539—544. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S88953
4. Portero de la Cruz S., Vaquero Abellan M. Professional burnout, stress and job satisfaction of nursing staff at a university hospital. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2015, 23: 543—552. doi: 10.1590/0104-1169.0284.2586
5. Singh C., Cross W., Jackson D. Staff burnout — a comparative study of metropolitan and rural mental health nurses within Australia. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2015, 36: 528—537. doi: 10.3109/01612840.2014.996838
6. Yaung C.L.. In: National health insurance, 4th ed. Taichung: Wagner, 2016: 8—27 (In Chinese).
7. Chang H.J., Chou M.J., Shen Y.M., Lin S.R., See L.C. Work perception and job stress among clinical nurses while implantation of global budget payment system in Taiwan. Chin J Occup Med. 2012, 19: 15—28. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.01.006
8. El-Ma’aita A.M., Qualtrough A.J., Darcey J., Hunter M.J. Rethinking root canal treatment: understanding the difference between preventing and treating endodontic infection. Br. Dent. J. 2015, 219(1): 13—16. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.527 doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.527
9. Chapman H.R., Chipchase S.Y., Bretherton R. Understanding emotionally relevant situations in primary care dental practice: 1. Clinical situations and emotional responses. Br. Dent. J. 2015, 219(8): 401—409; discussion 409. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.817)
10. Jiang P.S., See L.C., Chou M.J., Lin S.R. Work perception and job stress among medical technologists while implantation of global budget payment system in Taiwan. St. Joseph’s Hosp Med Nurs J. 2014, 8: 45—57.
11. Chandarana P.V. Hill K.B. What makes a good dentist? A pilot study. Dent Update. 2014, 41: 156—158 (Chandarana P.V., Hill K.B. What makes a good dentist? A pilot study. Dent. Update. 2014; 41(2): 156—158, 160. doi: 10.12968/denu.2014.41.2.156)
12. Goleman D. Destructive emotions. How to deal with them. Popurri, 2016, 337 p. (In Russian).
13. Lavrova O.S. Emotional burnout syndrome and methods of its prevention. 2014, no.2: 100—115 (In Russian).
14. Dorfman L.Ya. Methodological foundations of empirical psychology: from understanding to technology. IC “Academy”, 2015 (In Russian).
15. Lai I.J., Liao L.L., Hsieh L.C., Lee C.H. Work stress, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intentions of dietitians in Taiwan: description and relationship. Taiwan J Public Health. 2014, 33: 609—619. doi: 10.6288/TJPH201433103078
16. Chang Y.H., Lin Y.K., Chen W.M., See L.C., Lin S.R. Job stress among Chinese medical doctors and dentists in Taoyuan during global budget payment system. J Chin Med. 2016, 27: 1—9.
17. Chen W.M., Chang Y.H., Lin Y.K., Lin S.R., See L.C. Burnout and quit intention among Chinese medical doctors and dentists in Taoyuan during global budget payment system. J Chin Med. 2017, 28: 1—13.
18. Chen W.M., See L.C., Chiou M.J., Lin S.R. Burnout and quit intention among medical technologists in Taoyuan during global budget payment system. Chinese J Occup Med. 2014, 21: 21—33.
19. Harris M., Wilson J.C., Holmes S. et al. Perceived stress and well-being among dental hygiene and dental therapy students. Br Dent J. 2017, 222(2): 101—106.
20. Schaufeli W.B., Maslach C., Marek T. Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research. New York: Routledge, 2017. ISBN 9780415786157
21. So W.K., Wong S.W., Mak J.N., Chan R.H. An evaluation of mental workload with frontal EEG. PloS One. 2017, 12: e0174949. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174949
22. Yansane A., Tokede O., Walji M., Obadan-Udoh E., Riedy C., White J., Kalenderian E. Burnout, engagement, and dental errors among U.S. dentists. J Patient Saf. 2020. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000673
23. Chohan L., Dewa C.S., El-Badrawy W., Hashim Nainar S.M. A simple screening tool for occupational burnout among dentists, The Journal of the American Dental Association. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2020.11.004, 152, 2, (136-145), (2021).
24. Iorga M., Iurcov R., Pop L.-M. The Relationship between Fear of Infection and Insomnia among Dentists from Oradea Metropolitan Area during the Outbreak of Sars-CoV-2 Pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021, 10, 11, (2494). doi: 10.3390/jcm10112494
25. Kuc J., Zendzian-Piotrowska M. Evaluation of the Cervical Physiotherapeutic Treatment Needs, Work Ergonomics, and Necessity for Physical Activity Among Students of Dentistry at a Medical University. A Pilot Study, Frontiers in Psychology. 2020, 11. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.559657
26. Choy H.B. Wong M.C.M. Occupational stress and burnout among Hong Kong dentists. Hong Kong Med J. 2017, 23: 480—488. doi: 10.12809/hkmj166143
27. Collin V. Toon M. O’Selmo E. Reynolds L. Whitehead P. A survey of stress, burnout and well-being in UK dentists. Br Dent J. 2019, 226: 40—49. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2019.6
28. Yansane A., Tokede O., Walji M. et al. Burnout, engagement, and dental errors among U.S. dentists. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000673
29. Dzau V.J. Kirch D.G. Nasca T.J. To care is human: collectively confronting the clinician-burnout crisis. N Engl J Med. 2018, 378: 312—314. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1715127
30. Chohan L. Dewa C.S. El-Badrawy W. Nainar S.M.H. Occupational burnout and depression among paediatric dentists in the United States. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020, 30: 570—577. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12634
31. Singh P. Aulak D.S. Mangat S.S. Aulak M.S. Systematic review: factors contributing to burnout in dentistry. Occup Med. 2016, 66: 27—31. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqv119
32. Leiter M.P. Maslach C. Latent burnout profiles: a new approach to understanding the burnout experience. Burnout Res. 2016, 3: 89—100. doi: 10.1016/j.burn.2016.09.001
33. Nasseh K. Vujicic M. The relationship between education debt and career choices in professional programs: the case of dentistry. JADA. 2017, 148: 825—833. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.06.042
34. Chisholm-Burns M.A. Spivey C.A. Stallworth S. Zivin J.G. Analysis of educational debt and income among pharmacists and other health professionals. Am J Pharm Educ. 2019, 83: 2029—2036. doi: 10.5688/ajpe7460
35. Surdu S. Dall T.M. Langelier M. Forte G.J. Chakrabarti R. Reynolds R.L. The pediatric dental workforce in 2016 and beyond. JADA. 2019, 150: 609—617. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.02.025
36. Simonetti J.A. Clinton W.L. Taylor L. et al. The impact of survey nonresponse on estimates of healthcare employee burnout. Healthc (Amst). 2020, 8: 100451. doi: 10.1016/j.hjdsi.2020.100451
37. Qassim I. Muaidi, Alsayed A. Shanb. Effects of work demands on physical therapists in the KSA. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2016, 11, no.1: 56. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2015.12.004
38. Elbarazi I., Loney T., Yousef S. et al. Prevalence of and factors associated with burnout among health care professionals in Arab countries: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research. 2017, 17, no.1, doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2319-8
39. Chamoux A., Lambert C., Vilmant A. et al. Occupational exposure factors for mental and behavioral disorders at work: The FOREC thesaurus. PLoS one. 2018, 13, no.6: e0198719. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198719
40. Corrado B., Ciardi G., Fortunato L. et al. Burnout syndrome among Italian physiotherapists: a cross-sectional study. European Journal of Physiotherapy. 2019, 21, no.4: 240. doi: 10.1080/21679169.2018.1536765
41. Hosseinabadi M.B., Ebrahimi M.H., Khanjani N. et al. The effects of amplitude and stability of circadian rhythm and occupational stress on burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among irregular shift working nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2019, 28, no.9—10: 1868. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14778
42. Bruers J.J.M. Trends en ontwikkelingen in de beroepsgroep en de beroepsuitoefening. QP-thema De praktijk van de toekomst. QP Tandheelkunde. 2017, 12: 14—19. ISSN 1876-4126
43. Bruers J.J.M., Van Dam B.A.F.M., Gorter R.C., Eijkman M.A.J. Het welbevinden van tandartsen na een klachtenprocedure. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd. 2015, 122: 41—48. doi: 10.5177/ntvt.205.01.14152
44. Schaufeli W. Mentale energie en werk. Een persoonlijke balans. Afscheidscollege. Universiteit Utrecht, 2019. ISBN 978 90 9032 433 3
45. Rogan S., Verhavert Y., Zinzen E. et al. Risk factor and symptoms of burnout in physiotherapists in the canton of Bern. Archives of Physiotherapy. 2019, 9, no.1. doi: 10.1186/s40945-019-0072-5
46. Carmona-Barrientos I., Gala-Leon F.J., Lupiani-Gimenez M. et al. Occupational stress and burnout among physiotherapists: a cross-sectional survey in Cadiz (Spain). Human Resources for Health. 2020, 18, no.1. doi: 10.1186/s12960-020-00537-0
47. Jin M.U., Jeong S.H., Kim E.K. et al. Burnout and its related factors in Korean dentists. Int J Dent Hyg. 2015, 65: 22—31. doi: 10.1111/idj.12142
48. Wong M.C., Choy H. Occupational stress and burnout among Hong Kong dentists Hong Kong Med J. 2017, 23: 480—488. doi: 10.12809/hkmj166143
49. Chung C.C., Tsai Y.H., Chen W.L. et al. Work perception and job stress among pharmacists while implementation of global budget payment system in Taiwan. Chin J Occup Med. 2015, 22: 31—43.
50. Lai I.J., Liao L.L., Hsieh L.C., Lee C.H. Work stress, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intentions of dietitians in Taiwan: description and relationship. Taiwan J Public Health. 2014, 33: 609—619. doi: 10.6288/TJPH201433103078